Does Gang Land Mean Gang Warfare?
Indonesia’s political philosophy is usually “Unity in Diversity” or “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” as every school child learns within the second grade of primary school.
You only have to look at the statistics on inhabited islands (922 permanently inhabited of over 17,000), languages (719, of which 709 are living), religions (a few recognized by the constitution), races (Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5% = 2/3rds via Java along with Madura, coastal Malays 7.5%, some other 26%) . . to realize the country needs of which basic political principle of “Unity in Diversity”.
today put of which against the major causes of social unrest along with the item is usually not surprising of which we find of which land disputes (13% of all disputes nationally) are the second biggest cause of conflict within the country after criminal activity (16%) along with of which land disputes are more likely than some other disputes to turn violent. See graph below
Frequency of conflicts in Indonesia by type
Living alongside “the neighbour via hell” is usually not a recipe for a peaceful or harmonious life.
Major causes of land disputes are boundary issues along with denial of access to one’s own property. of which may express itself as the neighbour next door in your already narrow gang insisting on putting plant pots out to beautify “their” section of the gang or, worse still, purchasing via the land owner part of the land of the communal gang along with then deliberately along with today legally using the item to park their family car(s) on part of what is usually taken to be communal gang land along with thereby denying access to all the some other residents along of which gang.
So how are such land disputes going to be resolved to everyone’s satisfaction within our lifetime?
When there is usually a land dispute, the traditional – along with still most frequently used strategy – is usually to go to the Kepala Desa or Kepala Desa Adat (the Village Head or Head of Village Customary Law) provided they are seen as impartial along with not open to being bought. Built into the Indonesian constitution along with organization of civil society is usually the idea of rukun or harmony along with musyawarah-mufakat or ‘meeting until a mutual consensus agreement’ is usually reached. Let everyone cool down, get impartial parties involved – along with most of all listen to common sense – these are age-old disputes which need to be resolved peaceably so everyone can move on to fulfil their higher needs in life. See graph below
Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs
Disputes over land, like religion, can divide families along with neighbourhoods into two or more factions.
Indonesian civic society has adopted the customary practices of consensus decision doing called musyawarah-mufakat (deliberation along with consensus) as a basis of its democratic stability. of which process allows for each party to express its wishes along with the reasons for its position, along with the job of the negotiator, the customary law overseer (Kepala Desa Adat) on behalf of the community, is usually to reach a compromise which is usually acceptable to each party.
Many some other societies, national governments along with international institutions such as United Nations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO, along with the European Community Heads of Government adopt the same processes, only moving to a majority vote after a long process of deliberation where no consensus or grand bargain can be reached.
of which is usually the system of government throughout Indonesia, via banjar through to local along with National Parliament, the DPRD along with DPR. The last two plus years of the Obama administration has been like of which – every major decision going to the wire before a less than optimum solution is usually reached a few days after the deadline has passed. Here, everyone can claim they did not cave, along with of which what was achieved within the end was the “best deal possible” – a grand bargain.
The justification for adopting of which principle or approach are many along with varied.
In Javanese society confrontation, along with resulting loss of face for the loser, is usually to be avoided at all costs.
within the education of its youth, Indonesia places great emphasis on the development of its citizens to menjadi warga Negara yang baik – to be a not bad citizen in a country which celebrates its Unity in Diversity through being satu tanah air, satu bendera, satu bahasa (Sumpah Pemuda) – one country, one flag, one language – as first declared within the Youth’s Oath adopted on 28 October, 1928.
True its first two Presidents’ abused of which consensus politics through their authoritarianism. They placed people of which owed them their livelihoods along with positions of power – governors, members of the army along with police, those in their own party – within the DPR to ensure they got their way.
the item is usually important to realize of which achieving the grand bargain is usually the pinnacle in terms of any solution, whether political, economic or within the wider society: the item is usually the best of all possible worlds. along with within Indonesian politics, along with society more generally, of which is usually often achieved. Its main negative is usually of which the item is usually inefficient – taking a long time to reach consensus – yet also of which issues within the “too difficult” category can remain unresolved for years along with result in a feeling of which the system itself, by the very fact no decision is usually made, is usually unfair, unjust.
yet we need to be realistic, too. the item is usually common in Javanese culture to appoint an intermediary, a negotiator, whose job the item is usually to find a solution which is usually acceptable to both parties. Often a personality who is usually respected by your opponent is usually chosen as they will be more readily accepted along with will often be seen as being impartial, whereas in reality their job is usually to negotiate a solution which ultimately favours their paymaster. The difference is usually of which while you know you are being screwed, if you can negotiate even little concessions, you may feel appeased along with of which the effort was justified.
of which process or strategy dates back to at least the time of Pluto along with has been developed, since the mid-twentieth century, by mathematicians along with has been applied in many spheres of life. The maths develops a “pay-off matrix” whose function is usually to find the minimum you have to pay or lose to adopt the grand bargain solution. Each party will seek out the best solution for themselves along with so the item rationalizes each party’s position by placing a monetary or some other value on the grand bargain.
Side agreements are allowed, where a party who is usually prepared to pay a lot finds another party who is usually prepared to accept a lower amount for them both to obtain a win-win solution. of which economic efficiency is usually sought out by each player in order of which all players eventually achieve the lowest cost solution for them. Then the negotiator brings all parties together in public to show their explicit support for the grand bargain reached. of which is usually also the essence of game theory where the objective is usually to gain consensus for an optimal solution, the grand bargain, in which each party has sought out along with achieved the best compromise outcome they can. The theory also shows, what is usually observed in practice, of which the more players there are, the less likely a grand bargain is usually achieved. In which case, the negotiator goes to Plan B, majority voting, where those who do not achieve their goal lose out completely along with so often “opt out” of the majority solution.
Back to our gang land dispute. You either resolve the item peacefully, go to war, or sell up along with move on!
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Does Gang Land Mean Gang Warfare?
Does Gang Land Mean Gang Warfare?